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SITE INFO Dedications Site Background Contact SITE NAVIGATION HOME Spanish Studies Pronunciation Lessons Numbers Time Date Verbs Verb Tenses Verb Conjugation Grammar Gender Grammar Terms Pronouns Reflexive Vocabulary Adjectives Noun Cognates Prepositions Verb Lists Vocabulary Lists VERB CONJUGATION Indicative Mood Present Tense Regular -ar Verbs Regular -er Verbs Regular -ir Verbs Stem e -> ie Stem o -> ue Stem e -> i Stem iar: i -> í Stem uar: u -> ú Stem uir: i -> y Stem ger/gir: g -> j Yo form -oy Yo form -zco Yo form -go Imperfect Tense AR Verbs ER & IR Verbs Preterite Tense Regular AR Verbs Ending -car Ending -gar Ending -zar ER/IR Verbs ER/IR Verbs vowel Stem IR Stem-changers Irregular Stems Future Tense Regular Verbs Irregular Stems Conditional Tense Regular Verbs Irregular Stems Progressive Tenses Perfect Tenses Reference Subject Pronouns yo nosotros nosotras tú* vosotros vosotras él ella Usted ellos ellas Ustedes *In some countries in Central & South America vos is used instead of tú. Reflexive Pronouns me nos te os se se Direct Object Pronouns me nos te os lo la lo/la los las los/las Indirect Object Pronouns me nos te os le les

Imperfect Tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation   Most ER & IR verbs are not affected by irregularities in any way in the formation of the imperfect tense. The only irregular verbs in the imperfect tense in Spanish are ir, ser, & ver. All other verbs follow the patterns included in this section. Stem changes that occur in the present tense DO NOT AFFECT the imperfect tense. yo -ía   nosotros, nosotras -íamos tú -ías   vosotros, vosotras -íais él, ella, Usted -ía   ellos, ellas, Ustedes -ían ignore ER comer to eat essen conocer ( -zco ) to meet, know kennenlernen deber to owe, "should" schulden, sollen entender (e -> ie) to understand kapieren hacer ( -go ) to do, make machen, tun volver (o -> ue) to return, go back zurückkehren IR abrir to open öffnen decidir to decide entscheiden dormir (o -> ue) to sleep schlafen introducir ( -zco ) to introduce vorstellen pedir (e -> i) to request, ask for bitten venir ( -go, e -> ie ) to come kommen To make the imperfect forms, drop the -er or -ir from the end of the infinitive and add the endings given above. To see the imperfect tense conjugated forms of these verbs, click on a pronoun below: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the imperfect tense Imperfect tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Yo form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -ía to the stem. At some point in the past, this is what I would often do: At some point in the past, I used to do this but may not be able to any more: At some point in the past, this was the scenario for an event to take place: deutsch ER comer comía I would eat I used to eat I was eating ich aß conocer conocía I would get to know I used to know I was familiar with ich lernte kennen deber debía I would be supposed to I used to ought to I was supposed to ich sollte, schuldete entender entendía I would understand I used to understand I was understanding ich kapierte hacer hacía I would do I used to make, do I was making, doing ich machte, tat volver volvía I would return I used to go back I used to return ich kehrte zurück   IR   abrir abría I would open I used to open I was opening ich öffnete decidir decidía I would decide I used to decide I was deciding ich entschied dormir dormía I would sleep I used to sleep I was sleeping ich schlief introducir introducía I would introduce I used to introduce I was introducing ich stellte vor pedir pedía I would request I used to ask for I was requesting ich bat venir venía I would come I used to come I was coming ich kam The pronoun YO needs to be stated more frequently in the imperfect tense, because the same form is used for él, ella, & Usted. Once it is clear that the conversation is continuing with YO being the subject, you can leave it out. The YO becomes understood, because of the ending and the context of the conversation. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the imperfect tense Back to Top Imperfect tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Tú form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -ías to the stem. At some point in the past, this is what you would often do: At some point in the past, you used to do this but may not be able to any more: At some point in the past, this was the scenario for an event to take place: deutsch ER comer comías you would eat you used to eat you were eating du aßest conocer conocías you would get to know you used to know you were familiar with du lerntest kennen deber debías you would be supposed to you used to ought to you were supposed to du solltest, schuldetest entender entendías you would understand you used to understand you were understanding du kapiertest hacer hacías you would do you used to make, do you were making, doing du machtest, tatest volver volvías you would return you used to go back you used to return du kehrtest zurück   IR   abrir abrías you would open you used to open you were opening du öffnetest decidir decidías you would decide you used to decide you were deciding du entschiedest dormir dormías you would sleep you used to sleep you were sleeping du schliefst introducir introducías you would introduce you used to introduce you were introducing du stelltest vor pedir pedías you would request you used to ask for you were requesting du batst venir venías you would come you used to come you were coming du kamst The pronoun TÚ never needs to be used, since this form can only imply a familiar you. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the imperfect tense Back to Top Imperfect tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Él form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -ía to the stem. At some point in the past, this is what he would often do: At some point in the past, he used to do this but may not be able to any more: At some point in the past, this was the scenario for an event to take place: deutsch ER comer comía he would eat he used to eat he was eating er aß conocer conocía he would get to know he used to know he was familiar with er lernte kennen deber debía he would be supposed to he used to ought to he was supposed to er sollte, schuldete entender entendía he would understand he used to understand he was understanding er kapierte hacer hacía he would do he used to make, do he was making, doing er machte, tat volver volvía he would return he used to go back he used to return er kehrte zurück   IR   abrir abría he would open he used to open he was opening er öffnete decidir decidía he would decide he used to decide he was deciding er entschied dormir dormía he would sleep he used to sleep he was sleeping er schlief introducir introducía he would introduce he used to introduce he was introducing er stellte vor pedir pedía he would request he used to ask for he was requesting er bat venir venía he would come he used to come he was coming er kam The pronoun ÉL needs to be stated more frequently in the imperfect tense, because the same form is used for yo, ella, & Usted. Once it is clear that the conversation is continuing with ÉL being the subject, you can leave it out. The ÉL becomes understood, because of the ending and the context of the conversation. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the imperfect tense Back to Top Imperfect tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Ella form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -ía to the stem. At some point in the past, this is what she would often do: At some point in the past, she used to do this but may not be able to any more: At some point in the past, this was the scenario for an event to take place: deutsch ER comer comía she would eat she used to eat she was eating sie aß conocer conocía she would get to know she used to know she was familiar with sie lernte kennen deber debía she would be supposed to she used to ought to she was supposed to sie sollte, schuldete entender entendía she would understand she used to understand she was understanding sie kapierte hacer hacía she would do she used to make, do she was making, doing sie machte, tat volver volvía she would return she used to go back she used to return sie kehrte zurück   IR   abrir abría she would open she used to open she was opening sie öffnete decidir decidía she would decide she used to decide she was deciding sie entschied dormir dormía she would sleep she used to sleep she was sleeping sie schlief introducir introducía she would introduce she used to introduce she was introducing sie stellte vor pedir pedía she would request she used to ask for she was requesting sie bat venir venía she would come she used to come she was coming sie kam The pronoun ELLA needs to be stated more frequently in the imperfect tense, because the same form is used for yo, él, & Usted. Once it is clear that the conversation is continuing with ELLA being the subject, you can leave it out. The ELLA becomes understood, because of the ending and the context of the conversation. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the imperfect tense Back to Top Imperfect tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Usted form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -ía to the stem. At some point in the past, this is what you would often do: At some point in the past, you used to do this but may not be able to any more: At some point in the past, this was the scenario for an event to take place: deutsch ER comer comía you would eat you used to eat you were eating Sie aßen conocer conocía you would get to know you used to know you were familiar with Sie lernten kennen deber debía you would be supposed to you used to ought to you were supposed to Sie solltem, schuldetem entender entendía you would understand you used to understand you were understanding Sie kapierten hacer hacía you would do you used to make, do you were making, doing Sie machten, taten volver volvía you would return you used to go back you used to return Sie kehrten zurück   IR   abrir abría you would open you used to open you were opening Sie öffneten decidir decidía you would decide you used to decide you were deciding Sie entschieden dormir dormía you would sleep you used to sleep you were sleeping Sie schliefen introducir introducía you would introduce you used to introduce you were introducing Sie stellten vor pedir pedía you would request you used to ask for you were requesting Sie baten venir venía you would come you used to come you were coming Sie kamen The pronoun USTED needs to be stated more frequently in the imperfect tense, because the same form is used for yo, él, & ella. Once it is clear that the conversation is continuing with USTED being the subject, you can leave it out. The USTED becomes understood, because of the ending and the context of the conversation. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the imperfect tense Back to Top Imperfect tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Nosotros & Nosotras form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -íamos to the stem. At some point in the past, this is what we would often do: At some point in the past, we used to do this but may not be able to any more: At some point in the past, this was the scenario for an event to take place: deutsch ER comer comíamos we would eat we used to eat we were eating wir aßen conocer conocíamos we would get to know we used to know we were familiar with wir lernten kennen deber debíamos we would be supposed to we used to ought to we were supposed to wir sollten, schuldeten entender entendíamos we would understand we used to understand we were understanding wir kapierten hacer hacíamos we would do we used to make, do we were making, doing wir machten, taten volver volvíamos we would return we used to go back we used to return wir kehrten zurück   IR   abrir abríamos we would open we used to open we were opening wir öffneten decidir decidíamos we would decide we used to decide we were deciding wir entschieden dormir dormíamos we would sleep we used to sleep we were sleeping wir schliefen introducir introducíamos we would introduce we used to introduce we were introducing wir stellten vor pedir pedíamos we would request we used to ask for we were requesting wir baten venir veníamos we would come we used to come we were coming wir kamen As far as dealing with the pronoun, clarification needs to be made concerning the gender of the WE. Once it is clear that the conversation concerns NOSOTROS or NOSOTRAS, the pronoun can then be left out. The NOSOTROS or NOSOTRAS becomes understood, because of the ending and the context of the conversation. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the imperfect tense Back to Top Imperfect tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Vosotros & Vosotras form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -íais to the stem. At some point in the past, this is what y'all would often do: At some point in the past, y'all used to do this but may not be able to any more: At some point in the past, this was the scenario for an event to take place: deutsch ER comer comíais y'all would eat y'all used to eat y'all were eating ihr aßt conocer conocíais y'all would get to know y'all used to know y'all were familiar with ihr lerntet kennen deber debíais y'all would be supposed to y'all used to ought to y'all were supposed to ihr solltet, schuldetet entender entendíais y'all would understand y'all used to understand y'all were understanding ihr kapiertet hacer hacíais y'all would do y'all used to make, do y'all were making, doing ihr machtet, tatet volver volvíais y'all would return y'all used to go back y'all used to return ihr kehrtet zurück   IR   abrir abríais y'all would open y'all used to open y'all were opening ihr öffnetet decidir decidíais y'all would decide y'all used to decide y'all were deciding ihr entschiedet dormir dormíais y'all would sleep y'all used to sleep y'all were sleeping ihr schlieft introducir introducíais y'all would introduce y'all used to introduce y'all were introducing ihr stelltet vor pedir pedíamos y'all would request y'all used to ask for y'all were requesting ihr batet venir veníais y'all would come y'all used to come y'all were coming ihr kamt As far as dealing with the pronoun, clarification needs to be made concerning the gender of the Y'ALL. Once it is clear that the conversation concerns VOSOTROS or VOSOTRAS, the pronoun can then be left out. The VOSOTROS or VOSOTRAS becomes understood, because of the ending and the context of the conversation. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the imperfect tense Back to Top Imperfect tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Ellos form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -ían to the stem. At some point in the past, this is what they would often do: At some point in the past, they used to do this but may not be able to any more: At some point in the past, this was the scenario for an event to take place: deutsch ER comer comían they would eat they used to eat they were eating sie aßen conocer conocían they would get to know they used to know they were familiar with sie lernten kennen deber debían they would be supposed to they used to ought to they were supposed to sie sollten, schuldeten entender entendían they would understand they used to understand they were understanding sie kapierten hacer hacían they would do they used to make, do they were making, doing sie machten, taten volver volvían they would return they used to go back they used to return sie kehrten zurück   IR   abrir abrían they would open they used to open they were opening sie öffneten decidir decidían they would decide they used to decide they were deciding sie entschieden dormir dormían they would sleep they used to sleep they were sleeping sie schliefen introducir introducían they would introduce they used to introduce they were introducing sie stellten vor pedir pedían they would request they used to ask for they were requesting sie baten venir venían they would come they used to come they were coming sie kamen The pronoun ELLOS is stated frequently in the imperfect tense, as the same form is used for ellas & ustedes. Once it is clear that the conversation is continuing with ELLOS being the subject, you can leave it out. The ELLOS becomes understood, because of the ending and the context of the conversation. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the imperfect tense Back to Top Imperfect tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Ellas form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -ían to the stem. At some point in the past, this is what they would often do: At some point in the past, they used to do this but may not be able to any more: At some point in the past, this was the scenario for an event to take place: deutsch ER comer comían they would eat they used to eat they were eating sie aßen conocer conocían they would get to know they used to know they were familiar with sie lernten kennen deber debían they would be supposed to they used to ought to they were supposed to sie sollten, schuldeten entender entendían they would understand they used to understand they were understanding sie kapierten hacer hacían they would do they used to make, do they were making, doing sie machten, taten volver volvían they would return they used to go back they used to return sie kehrten zurück   IR   abrir abrían they would open they used to open they were opening sie öffneten decidir decidían they would decide they used to decide they were deciding sie entschieden dormir dormían they would sleep they used to sleep they were sleeping sie schliefen introducir introducían they would introduce they used to introduce they were introducing sie stellten vor pedir pedían they would request they used to ask for they were requesting sie baten venir venían they would come they used to come they were coming sie kamen The pronoun ELLAS needs to be stated more frequently in the imperfect tense, because the same form is used for ellos & ustedes. Once it is clear that the conversation is continuing with ELLAS being the subject, you can leave it out. The ELLAS becomes understood, because of the ending and the context of the conversation. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the imperfect tense Back to Top Imperfect tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Ustedes form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -ían to the stem. At some point in the past, this is what you would often do: At some point in the past, you used to do this but may not be able to any more: At some point in the past, this was the scenario for an event to take place: deutsch ER comer comían you would eat you used to eat you were eating Sie aßen conocer conocían you would get to know you used to know you were familiar with Sie lernten kennen deber debían you would be supposed to you used to ought to you were supposed to Sie sollten, schuldeten entender entendían you would understand you used to understand you were understanding Sie kapierten hacer hacían you would do you used to make, do you were making, doing Sie machten, taten volver volvían you would return you used to go back you used to return Sie kehrten zurück   IR   abrir abrían you would open you used to open you were opening Sie öffneten decidir decidían you would decide you used to decide you were deciding Sie entschieden dormir dormían you would sleep you used to sleep you were sleeping Sie schliefen introducir introducían you would introduce you used to introduce you were introducing Sie stellten vor pedir pedían you would request you used to ask for you were requesting Sie baten venir venían you would come you used to come you were coming Sie kamen The pronoun USTEDES needs to be stated more frequently in the imperfect tense, because the same form is used for ellos & ellas. Once it is clear that the conversation is continuing with USTEDES being the subject, you can leave it out. The USTEDES becomes understood, because of the ending and the context of the conversation. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the imperfect tense Back to Top

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