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These really are just regular
-ar verbs in most senses. Many of the verbs in this
category have a stress shift. That means that the I
before the final -ar gets accented in some of these
verbs, and stays weak (no stress shift) in others. By
looking at the "subj stem" column, you can
see which ones don't have any change (black and aligned
to the left).
Those which DO require the stress
shift are centered and the same color as this text.
Or easier yet, note the "yo"
column, which directly shows the accented
I (í) change.
It just means that the I
is emphasized. If you remember from the vowel
chart, I
is a weak vowel and usually forms a diphthong with another
vowel. In these stressed versions, the I
is NOT weak.
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Click on the various items
in the top row below to hear explanations: |
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español
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stem change |
"yo"
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subj
stem |
¿pretérito?
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¿futuro? |
inglés
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agraviar |
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-ío |
agraví- |
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to
offend, outrage, hurt, wrong, injure |
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agriar |
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-ío |
agrí- |
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to
sour, embitter, turn sour |
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aliar |
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-ío |
alí- |
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to
ally, league, unite |
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aliviar |
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alivi- |
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to
lighten, unburden, alleviate, relieve |
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amnistiar |
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-ío |
amnistí- |
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to
amnesty |
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amplifiar |
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-ío |
amplifí- |
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to
amplify, magnify, extend |
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anunciar |
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anunci- |
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to
announce, foretell, proclaim |
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apreciar |
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apreci- |
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to
appreciate, appraise, esteem |
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arriar |
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-ío |
arrí- |
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to
lower, strike (boat), to flood, be flooded |
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asociar |
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asoci- |
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to
associate |
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beneficiar |
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benefici- |
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to
benefit |
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cambiar |
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cambi- |
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to
change |
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cariar |
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-ío |
carí- |
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to
cause cavities, decay |
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cariciar |
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carici- |
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to
caress, pet, fondle |
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columpiar |
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columpi- |
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to
swing, sway, play on a swing-set |
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confiar |
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-ío |
confí- |
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to
confide, trust, rely |
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contrariar |
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-ío |
contrarí- |
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to
oppose, thwart, run counter to |
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criar |
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-ío |
crí- |
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to
create, nurse, raise, rear, breed |
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chirriar |
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-ío |
chirrí- |
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to
hiss, sizzle, chirp, screech, squeak |
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denunciar |
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denunci- |
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to
denounce |
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desafiar |
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-ío |
desafí- |
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to
challenge, dare, rival |
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descarriar |
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-ío |
descarrí- |
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to
mislead, lead astray, to go wrong |
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desconfiar |
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-ío |
desconfí- |
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to
mistrust, distrust, lack confidence in |
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despreciar |
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despreci- |
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to
despise, condemn, look down on |
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desviar |
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-ío |
desví- |
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to
deviate, deflect, swerve, turn away |
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divorciar |
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divorci- |
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to
divorce |
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enfriar |
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-ío |
enfrí- |
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to
cool, make cool, get chilled |
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ensuciar |
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ensuci- |
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to
soil, get dirty, stain, pollute |
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enviar |
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-ío |
enví- |
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to
send |
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envidiar |
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envidi- |
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to
envy |
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espiar |
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-ío |
espí- |
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to
spy, spy on |
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esquiar |
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-ío |
esquí- |
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to
ski |
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estudiar |
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estudi- |
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to
study |
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expatriar |
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-ío |
expatrí- |
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to
expatriate, leave one's country |
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fastidiar |
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fastidi- |
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to
bug, annoy, bother |
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fiar |
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-ío |
fí- |
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to
answer for, bail, entrust, confide |
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fotografiar |
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-ío |
fotografí- |
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to
photograph, take pictures |
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guiar |
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-ío |
guí- |
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to
guide, lead |
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historiar |
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-ío |
historí- |
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to
depict (history), write down a history |
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iniciar |
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inici- |
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to
initiate |
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intercambiar |
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intercambi- |
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to
interchange, exchange |
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inventariar |
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-ío |
inventarí- |
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to
inventory |
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liar |
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-ío |
lí- |
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to
tie, bind, tie up, wrap up |
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licenciar |
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licenci- |
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to
license |
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limpiar |
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limpi
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to
clean, wipe |
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obviar |
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-ío |
obví- |
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to
obviate, remove, surmount |
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odiar |
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odi- |
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to
hate |
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paliar |
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-ío |
palí- |
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to
pale |
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piar |
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-ío |
pí- |
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to
chirp, peep |
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porfiar |
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-ío |
porfí- |
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to
insist, persist |
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pronunciar |
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pronunci- |
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to
pronounce |
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repatriar |
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-ío |
repatrí- |
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to
repatriate, return to one's country |
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resfriar |
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-ío |
resfrí- |
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to
cool, chill, grow cold |
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rociar |
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-ío |
rocí- |
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to
dew, spray, sprinkle |
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telegrafiar |
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-ío |
telegrafí- |
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to
telegraph |
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vaciar |
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-ío |
vací- |
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to
empty |
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variar |
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-ío |
varí- |
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to
alter, vary, change |
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zurriar |
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-ío |
zurrí- |
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to
buzz, whirr |
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To
ignore new vocabulary.